Evolution of the Wave-based Universe (Part 7)

In the last post, we saw how the Universe would look at the beginning of the second wave (Wave 2) of essential element cascades – which would occur approximately 13 Gyr (billion years) after the beginning cascade of the Universe.

The Wave 2 elements (comprising 25% of all possible elements) would take about an additional 3 Gyr before any of them would cascade into representation in Space. During those 3 Gyr, the Wave 1 elements in Space would continue to evolve as they had been for the previous 10 Gyr. The Universe just before the first Wave 2 cascade into Space would look like:

Here’s how the Universe looks immediately before the very first introduction of Wave 2 essential elements into Space. Note that much of deep space is denser than a few inter-cluster areas where new elements are still trickling in.

Notice that the denser space areas have increased in size and that some of the low-density inter-cluster areas have moved slightly or have even been “shut off”.

At that point, at 16 Gyr, there would be a very large simultaneous introduction of elements into Space as the first Wave 2 elements reach the S₂ state. The total number of elements being introduced would be half as many as were introduced 13 Gyr earlier – which would still be an extremely large amount. In addition, these new elements would be split between a number of different points of introduction throughout the Universe. Those points of introduction would correlate to some, but not necessarily all of the low-density inter-cluster areas. The new map, after that first moment of Wave 2 introductions would look like:

Here’s how the Universe looks immediately following the first, large introduction of Wave 2 elements into Space. The green circles represent areas where the Wave 2 elements were introduced and where they will continue to be introduced. (The orange rectangle marks the U2 area we are going to focus on next.)

In the above map, the new Wave 2 areas are circled in green – only for reference purposes, of course. While the new areas look small in comparison to the Wave 1 Universe, each such point of introduction from this initial Wave 2 introduction would result in a large enough area of ultra-low-density to recreate the conditions necessary for new galaxies and galaxy clusters to subsequently evolve within their radii. Each such Wave 2 mini-Universe (denoted U₂) would continue to have the lowest-density areas in the entire Universe, meaning that subsequent Wave 2 introductions would focus almost exclusively in these areas, driving their continuing expansion within the larger Universe. In fact, the expansion of the overall Universe would accelerate due to these U₂ areas.

If we fast-forward 1 Gyr (to 17 Gyr), and focus in on the one U₂ area highlighted (within the orange rectangle) in the previous map, we can see that it is evolving similarly to how the much larger U₁ area was taking shape 13 Gyr earlier (at 4 Gyr).

Here’s how the area marked in the previous map looks after another 1 Gyr. Two categories of galaxies have evolved.

Some things to note about this map:

• I have used deepening shades of green to denote increasing densities in U₂ areas. There is no fundamental difference between U₁ and U₂ densities – the different colours are simply meant to keep track of elements introduced through the different waves.
• Note that there are only two separate categories of galaxies in this U₂ area. Because the flows of introduced elements in these areas would be be much lower than in their U₁ counterparts, it would make it harder for successive introductions to produce new galaxies. We’ll say that for U₂ areas, only the first two introductions of Wave 2 elements would produce the conditions necessary for new galaxies to be created. That means that the galaxies in existence in U₂ areas at 17 Gyr represent all the Wave 2 galaxies that will be produced (with the exception of any galaxies formed by the collision/consolidation of these existing galaxies).
• The diameter of this U₂ sphere is marked as 12 Gly (12 billion light years). As this U₂ area expands through further Wave 2 introductions, the distance from one side to the opposite side will expand to ~30 Gly.  More about these distances and their ramifications in future posts.
• The large blue rectangle surrounding this U₂ area represents the U₁ “wrapper” in which the U₂ area will evolve. At this point (17 Gyr), the average density of this surrounding U₁ wrapper would be much denser than the “empty space” within the U₁ area – but would still, itself, be experienced as empty space.

One overall difference is that each U₂ area contains orders of magnitude fewer galaxies and galaxy clusters. (In our map, we’ll show a slightly smaller number of galaxies, but please imagine that there are many, many fewer.) Taking all U₂ areas together, there would be approximately 50% as many galaxies created as in the one larger U₁ area.

In the next post, I’ll speak to the “You are Here” idea, placing our galaxy into our Observable Universe.