The Speed of Expulsion

In two earlier posts, I explained how less-dense essential elements can be moved away from more-dense densities through the process of expulsion, and how once an expulsion starts it can become “chain reaction” of sorts, expelling the element further from the center of density at faster and faster speeds.

The process of expulsion (and acceleration) for an element continues until the element reaches a local density equal (or less) to its own density. At that point, its speed of expulsion from the larger density is fixed and it continues on its current path at that speed, subject to all the other forces in its environment – including cohesion/gravity back towards the density it just left.

The formula for the speed of expulsion (v_x) of an essential element (E) from a density (D) is:

where v_e is the escape velocity of E from D and v_r is the residual velocity of E from D. The residual velocity is the ultimate speed at which E will travel once it escapes the cohesion/gravity force back towards D. As an example, if a rocket blasted off from the moon at a velocity of 2000 m/s and the escape velocity was 1500 m/s, then the residual velocity would be 500 m/s.

Since residual velocity is merely a byproduct of the other two values, let’s rewrite the formula like this:

While I have yet to figure out exact equations for the functions v_x and v_e, I can still describe three broadly important cases of residual velocity.

Case 1: v_r = c_r

As proposed in earlier posts, since in CEC electromagnetic radiation (EMR) is really just essential elements travelling at great speeds towards an observer and those elements are subject to cohesion like any other essence, the “speed of light” is not a constant. The speed of light in a vacuum (c₀) that is used in current models can be thought of instead as the maximal residual velocity from expulsion (denoted c_r – the residual speed of light).

Any regularly shaped (i.e., spherical) large density, like a star, where the local density values rises continuously as the center of density is approached, will expel essential elements – regardless of their individual densities – at a speed equal to c_r + v_e. This might seem hard to believe at first, but think of it this way. For every element E in  density D there is a natural distance from the center of D at which that element begins its expulsion journey. The denser the individual element, the closer to the center of density that natural distance is…and the further outwards the element has to accelerate before leaving the density. My theory is that for every such element:

This explains why we experience the EMR from stars, and other starlike objects, as all travelling at the same, uniform speed – c_r or 299,792,458 m/s.

I know this is a big leap to make – but in future posts I’ll try to back it up with further thinking, formulas, and possible tests.

Case 2: 0 < v_r < c_min

If we experience essence as EMR when it is travelling sufficiently fast relative towards us, then it follows that there must be a minimum velocity at which essence is perceived as EMR – the minimum speed of light. We’ll represent that velocity as c_min. Exactly what the value of c_min is, I am not certain – but I currently believe it to be fairly close (within 5%?) of c_r. Further refinement of this value will occur as my investigations continue.

There are two major subcases in which a large density might expel an essential element at speeds between 0 m/s and c_min.

Firstly, the essential element in question might have, through a random combination of other elements in its local area, started its expulsion journey from a place further from the center of density than it natural distance (described above). In that case, the element will have had less distance over which to accelerate and will not achieve the c_min speed.

Secondly, if the density doing the expulsion is non-continuous (i.e., discrete) in the changes in its local density values, then an essential element in an outer density area would have both less distance to accelerate as well as a higher v_e to overcome. Both would combine to lower the element’s v_r. This would be the case in many grey holes. Grey holes in CEC are densities that appear like black holes but are actually still expelling elements under the c_min barrier. (More on grey holes in future posts.)

In both subcases above, the expelled elements are experienced as cosmic winds, including (but not limited to) solar winds and galactic winds.

Case 3: v_r < 0

From our residual velocity formula:

it is apparent that if v_e > v_x, then v_r < 0. This is the case when an element, undergoing expulsion, does not reach escape velocity and falls back under the cohesive sway of the density where it began. Basically, it is “pulled back” to the density after briefly escaping (hence the negative velocity). This can happpen in any density, but is best known as a characteristic of black holes. In a true black hole, all expelled elements have v_r < 0. (More on black holes in future posts.)

The interplay between v_r, v_e, and v_x explains the characteristics of some other fascinating phenomena, like supernovae, quasars, neutron stars, etc., and I’ll detail each of these objects in their own future posts. In fact, I believe the a more complete understanding of the process of expulsion will lead to some new classes of objects being defined – and hopefully observed!